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* Basic Grammar *

Before you begin to study the grammars,

hope you make sure you know

how to pronounce the Korean Words

(Please view Hangeul & Number)

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun)   (b) 충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh)   (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)   (d) 너야 (NeoYah)

(a) You are (b) faithful and (c) nice (d) you

 

 

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun) (d) 너야 (NeoYah)

= (a) You are (d) you

 

"너 (Neo)" means “You”

"는 (Neun)" means “are” when it is combined with the verb “ ~ 야 (Yah)”,

which is the last word of the above (d)

Thus, “너는 (NeoNeun) ~ 야 (Yah)” means “You are ~ ”

Note that "~ 야 (Yah)" means "am, are, is"

(You could see from here that in English the verb comes right after the subject,

while in Korean, the verb comes at the end of the sentence)

 

Now, instead of “너는 (NeoNeun)”, which means “You are ~ “,

let’s look at other similar forms

너는 ~ 야 (NeoNeun ~ Yah) = You are ~

나는 ~ 야 (NahNeun ~ Yah) =  I am ~  

그는 ~ 야 (GeuNeun ~ Yah) = He is ~

그녀는 ~ 야 (GeuNyeoNeun ~ Yah) = She is ~

 

 

However, note that in Korean, when

(i) you are talking to a person who is older than you or an elderly, or

(ii) you are talking to a person whom you do not know well or

meeting the person for the first time in formal ways,

the first two phrases above

“너는 ~ 야 (NeoNeun ~ Yah) = You are ~ ”, and

“나는 ~ 야 (NahNeun ~ Yah) =  I am ~ ”

need to be used in respectful forms

 

That is, instead of  “너는 ~ 야 (NeoNeun ~ Yah) =  You are ~ ”,

in the case of (i) above, you need to use:  

(i) “그대는 ~ 예요 (GeuDehNeun ~ YehYo)”  

Instead of “너 (Neo)”, which means “ You “ as explained above, 

you need to use “그대 (GeuDeh)”, which is a respectful form of  “너 (Neo)”

And instead of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”, which means “am, are, is”

when combined with “은 (Eun)” as explained above,

you need to use “ ~ 예요 (YehYo) ”, which is a higher respectful form of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”

 

Please note that the word “는 (Neun)” and  “은 (Eun)” has the same meaning

Yet, the difference between “는” and “은” is that

“는 (Neun)” is used when the previous Korean letter

has one vowel and one consonant,

such as the words we learned right now like

“너 (Neo) (one consonant “ㄴ” + one vowel “ㅓ”) and

“나 (Nah) (one consonant “ㄴ” + one vowel “ㅏ”),

while “은 (Eun)” is used when the previous Korean letter

has one vowel and two consonants,

such as the word "꽃 (Kkotch)",  which means flower,

“꽃 (Kkotch) (two consonants “ㄲ” “ㅊ” + one vowel “ㅗ”)

That is the reason, when we used "꽃 (Kkotch)",

“은 (Eun)” was used instead of “는 (Neun)”,

which will be written as "꽃은 (KkotchEun) "

and when we used “나 (Nah)” or  “너 (Neo)”, “는 (Neun)” was used,

which will be written as "나는 (NahNeun) or 너는 (NeoNeun)"

in the case of (ii) above, you need to use:  

 

(ii) “그대는 ~ 입니다 (GeuDehNeun ~ EemNeeDah)”  

Instead of “너 (Neo)”, which means “ You “, 

you need to use “그대 (GeuDeh)”, which is a respectful form of “너 (Neo)”

And instead of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”, which means “am, are, is”

when combined with “는 (Neun) or 은 (Eun)” as explained above,

you need to use “ ~ 입니다 (EemNeeDah)”, which is the highest respectful form of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”

 

Thus, as to the sentence above, (a) 너는 (NeoNeun) (d) 너야 (NeoYah)

if we want to change this sentence to a little more respectful sentence, it will be as follows:

 

(a) 그대는 (GeuDehNeun) (d) 그대예요 (GeuDehYehYo)”, or

(a) 그대는 (GeuDehNeun) (d) 그대입니다 (GeuDehEemNeeDah)”

 

Please note that the word “ ~ 예요 (YehYo)” and  “ ~ 이예요 (EeYehYo)”

has the same meaning

Yet, the difference between “ ~ 예요 (YehYo)” and “ ~ 이예요 (EeYehYo)” is

that “ ~ 예요 (YehYo)” is used when the previous Korean letter has

one vowel and one consonant, such as the words we learned right now like

“너 (Neo) (one consonant “ㄴ” + one vowel “ㅓ”) and

“나 (Nah) (one consonant “ㄴ” + one vowel “ㅏ”),

while “ ~ 이예요 (EeYehYo)” is used when the previous Korean letter has

one vowel and two consonants, such as the word we learned above like

 (Kkotch) (two consonants “ㄲ” “ㅊ” + one vowel “ㅗ”)

That is the reason  when we used “꽃 (Kkotch)”,

“ ~ 이예요 (EeYehYo)” was used instead of “ ~ 예요 (YehYo)”,

which will be written as "꽃이예요 (KkotchEeYehYo)"

and when we use “저 (Jeo) (one consonant “ㅈ” + one vowel “ㅓ”)

(this word will be explained below),

“ ~ 예요 (YehYo)” is used instead of “ ~ 이예요 (EeYehYo)”,

which will be written as "저예요 (JeoYehYo)"

 

&

This is also similar to the word “ ~ 야 (Yah)”,

which means “am are is”

when combined with “는 (Neun) or 은 (Eun)” as we learned above

That is, if the previous Korean letter has one vowel and one consonant,

such as the words we learned right now like

“너 (Neo) (one consonant “ㄴ” + one vowel “ㅓ”) and

“나 (Nah) (one consonant “ㄴ” + one vowel “ㅏ”),

you need to use “ ~ 야 (Yah)”,

which will be written as “너야 (NeoYah)”

However, if the previous Korean letter has one vowel and two consonants,

such as the word we learned above like

 (Kkotch) (two consonants “ㄲ” “ㅊ” + one vowel “ㅗ”),

you need to use “ ~ 이야 (EeYah)"

instead of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”,

which will be written as “꽃이야 (KkotchEeYah)”

(i.e., note that " ~이야 (EeYah)" also means “am are is” like " ~ 야 (Yah)"

when combined with “는 (Neun) or 은 (Eun)” as we learned above)”

 

Now, let's look into the respectful form of

“나는 ~ 야 (NahNeun ~ Yah) =  I am ~ ”,  

in the case of (i) above, you need to use:

(i) “저는 ~ 예요 (JeoNeun ~ YehYo)”  

Here, instead of “나 (Nah)”, which means “ I “, 

you need to use “저 (Jeo)”, which is a respectful form of  “나 (Nah)”

And instead of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”, which means “am, are, is”

when combined with “는 (Neun) or 은 (Eun)” as explained above,

you need to use “ ~ 예요 (YehYo) ”, which is a higher respectful form of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”

 

and in case of (ii) above, you need to use:

 

(ii) “저는 ~ 입니다 (JeoNeun ~ EemNeeDah)”  

Instead of “나 (Nah)”, which means “ I “, 

you need to use “저 (Jeo)”, which is a respectful form of “나 (Nah)”

Instead of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”, which means “am, are, is”

when combined with “는 (Neun) or 은 (Eun) as explained above,

you need to use “ ~ 입니다 (EemNeeDah)”, which is the highest respectful form of “ ~ 야 (Yah)”

 

Thus, as to the sentence above, (a) 나는 (NahNeun) (d) 나야 (NahYah)

if we want to change this sentence to a little more respectful sentence, it will be as follows:

 

(a) 저는 (JeoNeun) (d) 저예요 (JeoYehYo)”, or

(a) 저는 (JeoNeun) (d) 저입니다 (JeoEemNeeDah)”

 

* The Words We Learned *

 

(a) 나는 (NahNeun) (d) 나야 (NahYah) = (a)  I am  (d) me

(a) 저는 (JeoNeun) (d) 저예요 (JeoYehYo)  or  저입니다 (JeoEemNeeDah)

= (a)  I am  (d) me

Note that, "I" and "me" in Korean are both "나 (Nah)" or "저 (Jeo)"

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun) (d) 너야 (NeoYah) = (a) You are (d) you

(a) 그대는 (GeuDehNeun) (d) 그대예요 (GeuDehYehYo) or 

그대입니다 (GeuDehEemNeeDah) = (a) You are (d) you

Note that, "You" and "you" in Korean are both "너 (Neo)" or "그대 (GeuDeh)"

(a) 그는 (GeuNeun) (d) 그야 (GeuYah) = (a) He is (d) him

(a) 그는 (GeuNeun) (d) 그예요 (GeuYehYo) or 그입니다 (GeuEemNeeDah)

= (a) He is (d) him

Note that, "He" and "him" in Korean are both "그 (Geu)"

(a) 그녀는 (GeuNyeoNeun) (d) 그녀야 (GeuNyeoYah) = (a) She is (d) her

(a) 그녀는 (GeuNyeoNeun) (d) 그녀예요 (GeuNyeoYehYo) or

그녀입니다 (GeuNyeoEemNeeDah) = (a) She is (d) her

Note that, "She" and "her" in Korean are both "그녀 (GeuNyeo)"

Please remember the difference as to when to use the words below (see above):

“은 (Eun)” & “는 (Neun)”  

“ ~야 (Yah)”  & “ ~ 이야 (EeYah)”  and  “ ~ 예요 (YehYo)” & “ ~ 이예요 (EeYehYo)”

 

 

Next time we will learn about “It is ~ ” and “Plural Forms”

within the (a) and (d) of the sentence:

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun)   (b) 충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh)   (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)   (d) 너야 (NeoYah)

(a) You are (b) faithful and (c) nice (d) you

**

(a) 그것은 (GeuGeotSeun) (d) 그것이야 (GeuGeotSheeYah)

= (a) It is (d) it

 

 

Here,  “그것 (GeuGeot)” means “It”

and as we learned above,

“은 (Eun) and 는 (Neun)” means “am, are, is”

when it is combined with the verb “ ~ 야 (Yah)” or “ ~ 이야 (EeYah)”

Please note that when you pronounce the above words (a) & (d),

the reason you pronounce  

(a) “은 (Eun)” as  “슨 (Seun)” is because  

the consonant ‘ㅅ’ of the word ‘것 (Geot)’ replaces the consonant ‘ㅇ’ of ‘은 (Eun)’

That is why the pronunciation of “은 (Eun)” will be “슨 (Seun)”

(Check the pronunciation of “스 (Seu)” at Hangul & Number)

And similarly, the reason you pronounce  

(d) “이 (Ee)” as “시 (Shee)” is because

the consonant ‘ㅅ’ of the word ‘것 (Geot)’ replaces the consonant ‘ㅇ’ of ‘이 (Ee)’

That is why the pronunciation of “이 (Ee)” will be “시 (Shee)”

(Check the pronunciation of “시 (Shee)” at Hangul & Number)

I will explain other similar forms later again

 

 

* Plural Forms *

 

(a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (d) 우리야 (OoLeeYah)

= (a) We are (d) we

 

Here,  “우리 (OoLee)” means “We”

and as we learned above,

“는 (Neun) and 은 (Eun)” means “am, are, is”

when it is combined with the verb “ ~ 야 (Yah)” or “ ~ 이야 (EeYah)”

 

 

(a) 그들은 (GeuDeulLeun) (d) 그들이야 (GeuDeulLeeYah)

= (a) They are (d) them

 

Here,  “그들 (GeuDeul)” means “They & Them”

and as we learned above,

“은 (Eun) and 는 (Neun)” means “am, are, is”

when it is combined with the verb “ ~ 야 (Yah)” or “ ~ 이야 (EeYah)”

Please note that, as we learned above,

when you pronounce the above word, the reason you pronounce  

(a) “은 (Eun)” as  “른 (Leun)” is because  

the consonant ‘ㄹ’ of the word ‘들 (Deul)’ replaces the consonant ‘ㅇ’ of ‘은 (Eun)’

That is why the pronunciation of “은 (Eun)” will be “른 (Leun)”

(Check the pronunciation of “르 (Leu)” at Hangul & Number)

And similarly, the reason you pronounce

(d) “이 (Ee)” as “리 (Lee)” is because

the consonant ‘ㄹ’ of the word ‘들 (Deul)’ replaces the consonant ‘ㅇ’ of ‘이 (Ee)’,

That is why the pronunciation of “이 (Ee)” will be “리 (Lee)”

(Check the pronunciation of “리 (Lee)” at Hangul & Number)

I will explain other similar forms later again

 

 

* The Words We Learned *

 

(a) 그것은 (GeuGeotSeun) (d) 그것이야 (GeuGeotSheeYah)

= (a) It is (d) it

 

(a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (d) 우리야 (OoLeeYah)

= (a) We are (d) we

 

(a) 그들은 (GeuDeulLeun) (d) 그들이야 (GeuDeulLeeYah)

= (a) They are (d) them

 

 

    Next time we will learn about “Adjective Forms”

within the (b) & (c)  of the sentence;

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun)   (b) 충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh)   (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)   (d) 너야 (NeoYah)

(a) You are (b) faithful and (c) nice (d) you

**

As we all know, the function of Adjectives is to explain the Noun/Pronoun

These types of adjective forms depend on where it is placed

Generally, there are two places where adjectives are placed

Adjectives before and after the Noun/Pronoun

 

In English, whether you put the adjectives before or after the Noun/Pronoun

the form is the same

For example, if you see the two phrases

(1) “beautiful weather” & (2) “weather is beautiful”

whether you put the adjective (i.e., beautiful) (1) before or (2) after the noun (i.e., weather)

the form “beautiful” is the same

However, in Korean, the forms are different

And the rules will be as follows:

 

 

(1) Adjectives before the Noun/Pronoun

 

 

Generally, in this case, both English and Korean forms are:

Adjectives + Noun/Pronoun

 

There are four ways to form these types of adjectives in Korean

 

Before we begin to see what types of adjectives Korean Language has,

always remember when changing the form to Adjectives

it will start from the words that end with “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,

which are the basic forms of adjectives in Korean

 

 

* ㄴ (NeeEun) (1) *

(Above "ㄴ (NeeEun)" is one of the consonants of Korean Language,

if you do not remember, please check “Hangeul” & “Number”)

 

 

First way to form adjectives in Korean will be adding “ㄴ/NeeEun/”

If we use the word above (c) 착한 (ChackHahn) = Nice,

the basic form of this word is “착하다 (ChackHahDah) = Nice”

As you could see, between “착하다 (ChackHahDah)” and (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)

the last letter “ ~ 다 (Dah)” in the word “착하다 (ChackHahDah)” is deleted

and “ ~ ㄴ (NeeEun)” is added to the previous letter “하 (Hah)”,

which renders the word (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)

The rule here is, when the letter before “ ~ 다 (Dah)”

has only one consonant & one vowel,

such as “하 (Hah) = ㅎ(HeeEut = one consonant) + ㅏ(one vowel)”

in the word “착하다 (ChackHahDah)”,

all you need to do is to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word

and then add “ ~ ㄴ (NeeEun)” in the letter “하 (Hah)”,

which will be (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

착한 의료진들 (ChackHahn EueeLyoJeenDeul) = Nice Health Workers

 

- 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah) = Faithful -

 

As you could see in this word,

similar to “착하다 (ChackHahDah)” above,

the letter right before “ ~ 다 (Dah)” in the word “충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)”

has only one consonant & one vowel,

which is “하(Hah) = ㅎ(HeeEut = one consonant) + ㅏ(one vowel)”

Thus, in order to change the adjectives that will be placed before the noun/pronoun,

as explained, all you need to do is to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word

and then add “ ~ ㄴ (NeeEun)” in the previous letter of “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, which is “하 (Hah)”,

thus, it will be “충실한 (ChoongSheelHahn)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

충실한 의료진들 (ChoongSheelHahn EueeLyoJeenDeul) = Faithful Health Workers

 

 

Additional Examples:

 

- 아프다 (AhPeuDah) = Unwell -

 

As you could see in this word,

the letter right before “ ~ 다 (Dah)” in the word “아프다 (AhPeuDah)”  

has only one consonant & one vowel,

which is “프 (Peu) = ㅍ (PeeEut = one consonant) + ㅡ (one vowel)”

Thus, in order to change the adjectives

that will be placed before the noun/pronoun,

as explained, all you need to do is to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word

and then add “ ~ ㄴ (NeeEun)” in the previous letter of “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, which is “프 (Peu)”,

thus, it will be “아픈 (AhPeun)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

아픈 환자들 (AhPeun HwanJahDeul) = Unwell Patients

 

 

- 지치다 (JeeCheeDah) = Exhausted -

 

As you could see in this word,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다  (Dah)” in the word “지치다 (JeeCheeDah)”

has only one consonant & one vowel,

which is “치 (Chee) = ㅊ(CheeEut = one consonant) + ㅣ(one vowel)”

Thus, in order to change the adjectives

that will be placed before the noun/pronoun,

as explained, all you need to do is to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word

and then add “ ~ ㄴ(NeeEun)” in the previous letter of “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, which is “치 (Chee)”,

thus, it will be “지친 (JeeCheen)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

지친 지구 (JeeCheen JeeGoo) = Exhausted Earth

ㄴ (NeeEun) (2)

There is another way to form adjectives before the noun/pronoun in Korean

by adding the consonant “ㄴ (NeeEun)”

The consonant “ㄴ (NeeEun)” could be added when the letter in front of “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,

has one vowel and two consonants

However, it is important to note that among the two consonants,

the consonant that is at the bottom must include the consonants “ㄹ(LeeEul)” or “ㅎ(HeeEut)”

 

 

For example,

 

If we look at the word “가늘다 (GahNeulDah) = Thin”,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다  (Dah)”,  which is “늘 (Neul)” ,

has one vowel (ㅡ) and two consonants

(ㄴ (NeeEun = consonant) + ㄹ (LeeEul = this consonant is at the bottom))

In this case, all you need to do is

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word,

and then delete the consonant “ㄹ (LeeEul)” at the bottom of the word “늘 (Neul)”

and lastly add “ㄴ(NeeEun)” at the bottom where “ㄹ (LeeEul)” was placed

and the word you will get is, “가는 (GahNeun)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

가는 차이 (GahNeun GahJee) = Thin Line

 

 

- 길다 (GeelDah) = Long  -

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, which is “길 (Geel)”

has one vowel (ㅣ) and two consonants

(ㄱ (GeeYeok = consonant) + ㄹ (LeeEul = this consonant is at the bottom))

In this case, all you need to do is

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word,

and then delete the consonant “ㄹ (LeeEul)” at the bottom of the word “길 (Geel)”

and lastly add “ㄴ(NeeEun)” at the bottom where “ㄹ (LeeEul)” was placed

and, the word you will get is, “긴 (Geen)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

긴 길 (Geen Geel) = Long Road

 

 

Additional Examples:

 

 

- 그렇다 (GeuLeoTah) = That (= That it is) –

 

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 다 (Dah)” is changed to (Tah)

because the consonant “ㅎ (HeeEut)” in the word “ 러 (Leo)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” in the word “다 (Dah)”

(“ㅎ (HeeEut)” + “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” = ㅌ (TeeEut))  

 

As you could see in this word,

the letter right before the  “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “ 렇 (Leo)” ,

has one vowel (ㅏ) and two consonants

(ㄹ (LeeEul = consonant) + ㅎ (HeeEut = this consonant is at the bottom))

In this case, all you need to do is

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word,

and then delete the consonant “ㅎ (HeeEut)” at the bottom of the word “렇 (Leo)”

and lastly add “ㄴ (NeeEun)” at the bottom where “ㅎ (HeeEut)” was placed

and the word you will get is, “그런 (GeuLeon)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

그런 현실 (GeuLeon HyeonSheel) = That Reality

 

(However, note that this rule could be applied only when

the letters before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)” are more than two, like the above word 그렇다 (GeuLeoTah)

That is, in front of the letter  “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, there are two letters ahead which are 그 (Geu) and 렇 (Leo)

In the case where the letter before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)” has only one letter, another different rule will apply

For example, if you see the word “좋다 (JohTah) = Good”,

(i.e., the pronunciation of “ ~ 다 (Dah)” is changed to (Tah)

because “ㅎ (HeeEut)” + “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” = ㅌ (TeeGeut))  

the letter in front of “~ 다 (Dah)” is “ 좋 (Joh)” which has  

one vowel (ㅗ) and two consonants

(ㅈ (JeeEut = consonant) + ㅎ (HeeEut = this consonant is at the bottom))

However, even if the word has two consonants that includes the “ㅎ (HeeEut)” at the bottom,

because the letter in front of “ ~ 다 (Dah)” has only one letter

the following rule will be applied

In this case, all you need to do is to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word,

and instead add “은 (Eun)”

and the word you will get is, “좋은 (JohEun)”)

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

좋은 관점 (JohEun GwanJeom) = Good Perspective

 

 

< Exercise >

 

Change the below adjectives to the adjectives that are placed before the noun/pronoun

according to the rules above:

ㄱ) 어질다 (EoJeelDah) = Benevolent

​ㄴ) 하얗다 (HahYahTah) = White

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 다(Dah)” is changed to (Tah)

because the consonant “ㅎ(HeeEut)” in the word “얗(Yah)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㄷ(DeeGeut)” in the word “다(Dah)”)

ㅎ(HeeEut)” + “ㄷ(DeeGeut)” = ㅌ(TeeEut)

 

ㄷ) 다부지다 (DahBooJeeDah) = Determined

ㄹ) 준수하다 (JoonSooHahDah) = Elegant

ㅁ) 가능하다 (GanNeungHahDah) = Possible

​ㅂ) 평범하다 (PyeongBeomHahDah) = Normal

 

 

< Answer >

 

ㄱ) 어진 (EoJeen) = Benevolent

ㄴ) 하얀 (HahYahn) = White

ㄷ) 다부진 (DahBooJeen) = Determined

ㄹ) 준수한 (JoonSooHahn) = Elegant

ㅁ) 가능한 (GahNeungHahn) = Possible

ㅂ) 평범한 (PyeongBeomHahn) = Normal

* ~ 은 (Eun) *

 

Another way to form adjectives before the noun/pronoun in Korean is

by adding the letter “~ 은 (Eun)”

And the letter “~ 은 (Eun)” could be added when the letter in front of “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,

has one vowel and two consonants

However, it is important to note that among the two consonants,

the consonant that is at the bottom must include the consonants

“ㄹ (LeeEul)” & “ㅂ(BeeEub)” & “ㅍ(PeeEup)” & “ㅎ(HeeEut)”

“ ㄹㄱ (LeeEul + GeeYeok)” & “ㄹㅂ (LeeEul + BeeEub)” & “ㄴㅎ (NeeEun + HeeEut)”

 

 

This rule is actually explained above

As you remember, I used  the word “좋다 (JohTah) = Good”, to explain this word

The letter right before “~ 다 (Dah)” is “ 좋(Joh)” which has  

one vowel (ㅗ) and two consonants

(ㅈ (JeeEut = consonant) + ㅎ (HeeEut = this consonant is at the bottom))

And, importantly, there is “ㅎ(HeeEut)” at the bottom of the letter “ 좋 (Joh)”

that is right before “~ 다 (Dah)”

Thus, in this case, all you need to do is

to first delete “ ~ 다(Dah)” at the end of the word,

and instead add “은  (Eun)”

and the word you will get is, “좋은 (JohEun)”

 

 

Additional Examples:

 

- 멀지 않다(MeolJee AhnTah) = Not too distant -

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 다 (Dah)” is changed to (Tah)

because the consonant “ㅎ(HeeEut)” in the word “않(Ahn)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” in the word “다 (Dah)”)

(ㅎ(HeeEut)” + “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” = ㅌ(TeeEut))

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “않 (Ahn)” ,

has one vowel (ㅏ) and two consonants

(ㅇ (EeEung = consonant) + ㄴㅎ (NeeEun & HeeEut = this consonant is at the bottom))

And, importantly, there is “ㄴㅎ (NeeEun & HeeEut)”

at the bottom of the letter “않 (Ahn)” that is right before  “~ 다 (Dah)”

In this case, all you need to do is

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word,

and instead add “은 (Eun)”

and the word you will get is, “ 않은 (AhnEun)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example,

멀지 않은 미래 (MeolJeeAhnEun MeeLeh) = Not too distant Future

 

 

- 밝다 (BahlDah) = Bright –

(Here, if you see the letter “밝 (Bahl)”,

even if the consonant is consisted of  “ㄹ (LeeEul)” and “ㄱ (GeeEok)”,

when you pronounce this letter,

the “ㄱ (GeeEok)” sound will be very weak

compared to the sound of the “ㄹ (LeeEul)”

That is why it is pronounced “밝 (Bahl)” without the sound of ㄱ (GeeEok))

 

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “밝 (Bahl)” , 

has one vowel (ㅏ) and two consonants 

(ㅂ(BeeEub = consonant) + ㄹㄱ(LeeEul & GeeEok = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

And, importantly, there is “ㄹㄱ (LeeEul & GeeEok)” 

at the bottom of the letter “밝(Bahl)” that is right before  “~ 다 (Dah)”

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and instead add “은 (Eun)”

and the word you will get is, “ 밝은 (BahlGeun)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

밝은 만남 (BahlGeun MahnNahm) = Bright Encounter

 

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 은(Eun)” is changed to (Geun)

because the consonant “ㄱ(GeeEok)” in the word “ 밝(Bahl)”

 is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ(EeEung)” in the word “은(Eun)”

(“ㄱ(GeeEok)” + “ㅇ(EeEung)” = ㄱ(GeeEok))  

 

 

< Exercise >

 

Change the below adjectives to the adjectives that are placed before the noun/pronoun

according to the rules above: 

 

ㄱ) 좁다 (JohbDah) = Narrow

ㄴ) 맑다 (MahlDah) = Clear 

(Here, if you see the letter “맑(Mahl)”, 

even if the consonant is consisted of  “ㄹ (LeeEul)” and “ㄱ (GeeEok)”,

when you pronounce this letter, 

the “ㄱ (GeeEok)” sound will be very weak 

compared to the sound of the “ㄹ (LeeEul)” 

That is why it is pronounced “맑 (Mahl)” without the sound of ㄱ (GeeEok)) 

 

ㄷ) 넓다 (NeolDah) = Wide

(Here, if you see the letter “넓(Neol)”,

even if the consonant is consisted of  “ㄹ (LeeEul)” and “ㅂ (BeeEub)”,

when you pronounce this letter,

the “ㅂ (BeeEub)” sound will be very weak

compared to the sound of the “ㄹ (LeeEul)”

That is why it is pronounced “넓 (Neol)” without the sound of ㅂ (BeeEub))

 

 ㄹ) 깊다 (GeepDah) = Deep

ㅁ) 작지 않다 (JahkJee AhnTah) = Not too little

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 다 (Dah)” is changed to (Tah)

because the consonant “ㅎ (HeeEut)” in the word “않 (Ahn)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㄷ(DeeGeut)” in the word “다(Dah)”)

("ㅎ(HeeEut)” + “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” = ㅌ (TeeEut))

 

ㅂ) 보고 싶다 (BohGoh SheepDah) = Missed

 

 

< Answer >

 

ㄱ) 좁은(JohBeun) = Narrow

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 은 (Eun)” is changed to 븐 (Beun)

because the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)” in the word “좁 (Johb)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ (EeEung)” in the word “은 (Eun)”)

("ㅂ (BeeEub)” + “ㅇ (EeEung)” = ㅂ (BeeEub))

 

     ㄴ) 맑은 (MahlGeun) = Clear

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 은 (Eun)” is changed to 근 (Geun)

because the consonant “ㄱ (GeeYeok)” in the word “맑 (Mahl)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ (EeEung)” in the word “은 (Eun)”)

("ㄱ (GeeYeok)” + “ㅇ (EeEung)” = ㄱ (GeeYeok))

 

ㄷ) 넓은 (NeolBeun) = Wide

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 은 (Eun)” is changed to 븐 (Beun)

because the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)” in the word “넓 (Neol)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ (EeEung)” in the word “은 (Eun)”)

("ㅂ (BeeEub)” + “ㅇ (EeEung)” = ㅂ (BeeEub))

 

ㄹ) 깊은 (GeePeun) = Deep

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 은 (Eun)” is changed to 픈 (Peun)

because the consonant “ㅍ(PeeEup)” in the words “깊 (Geep) & 싶 (Sheep) = see below)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ (EeEung)” in the word “은 (Eun)”)

("ㅍ (PeeEup)” + “ㅇ (EeEung)” = ㅍ (PeeEup))

 

 ㅁ) 작지 않은 (JahkJee AhnEun) = Not too little

ㅂ) 보고 싶은 (BohGoh SheePeun) = Missed 

* ~ 는 (Neun) *

 

Generally, adjectives form in Korean, 

when changing to the adjectives before the noun/pronoun, 

“~ 는 (Neun)” cannot be used, that is, if you see a form of word that ends with “ ~ 다 (Dah)”

as we have seen a few above, and replace the letter “ ~ 다 (Dah)” to  “~ 는 (Neun)”,

 and if it makes sense, the word is a verb,

yet if it does not make sense, the word is an adjective

 

 

However, there are a few forms that are allowed to use “ ~ 는(Neun)”

when changing the adjectives to the adjectives before the noun/pronoun

The letter “ ~ 는(Neun)” could be added when the letter in front of “ ~ 다(Dah)”, 

has one vowel and two consonants

However, it is important to note that among the two consonants, 

the consonant that is at the bottom must include the consonants 

 “ㅂㅅ(BeeEub & SheeEut)” & “ㅆ(SsangSheeEut)” 

 

 

For example, 

 

 If we look at the word “멋있다 (MeoSheetDah) = Awesome”

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “있 (Eet)” , 

has one vowel (ㅣ) and two consonants 

(ㅇ (EeEung = consonant) + ㅆ (SsangSheeEut = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

And, importantly, there is “ㅆ (SsangSheeEut)” 

at the bottom of the letter “있 (Eot)” that is right before  “~ 다 (Dah)”

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and instead add “는 (Neun)”

and the word you will get is, “ 멋있는 (MeoSheetNeun)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

멋있는 노력 (MeoSheetNeun NohLyeok) = Awesome Effort

 

 

 (Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 있(Eet)” is changed to (Sheet)

because the consonant “ㅅ(SheeEut)” in the word “멋(Meot)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ(EeEung)” in the word “있(Eet)”)

("ㅅ (SheeEut)” + “ㅇ (EeEung)” = ㅅ (SheeEut))

 

 

Additional Example:

 

 

- 국경없다 (GookGyeongEobDah) = Borderless – 

 

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “없 (Eob)” , 

has one vowel (ㅓ) and two consonants 

(ㅇ (EeEung = consonant) + ㅂㅅ(BeeEub & SheeEut = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

And, importantly, there is “ㅂㅅ (BeeEub & SheeEut)” 

at the bottom of the letter “없 (Eob)” that is right before  “~ 다 (Dah)”

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and instead add “는 (Neun)”

and the word you will get is, “ 국경없는 (GookGyeongEobNeun)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

국경없는 사랑 (GookGyeongEobNeun SahLang) = Borderless Love

 

 

< Exercise >

 

Change the two adjectives to the adjectives that are placed before the noun/pronoun

according to the rules above: 

 

ㄱ) 재미있다 (JehMeeEetDah) = Fun

ㄴ) 끝없다 (KkeuDeobDah) = Endless

(Here, the pronunciation of “ ~ 없(Eob)” is changed to (Deob)

because the consonant “ㅌ(TeeEut)” in the word “끝(Kkeut)”

is connected to  the consonant “ㅇ(EeEung)” in the word “없(Eob)”)

("ㅌ(SheeEut)” + “ㅇ(EeEung)” = ㄷ(SheeEut))

 

 

 

< Answer >

 

ㄱ) 재미있는 (JehMeeEetNeun) = Fun

ㄴ) 끝없는 (KkeuDeobNeun) = Endless 

 

 

 

* ~ 운 (Oon) *

 

Another way to form adjectives before the noun/pronoun in Korean is 

by adding the letter “~ 운 (Oon)”

And the letter “~ 운 (Oon)” could be added when the letter in front of “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, 

has one vowel and two consonants

However, it is important to note that among the two consonants, 

the consonant that is at the bottom must include the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)”

 

 

For example, 

 

If we look at the word “너그럽다 (NeoGeuLeobDah) = Generous”

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “럽 (Leob)” , 

has one vowel (ㅓ) and two consonants 

(ㄹ (LeeEul = consonant) + ㅂ (BeeEub = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and then delete the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)” at the bottom of the word “럽 (Leob)”,

which you will now have “러 (Leo)” instead of “럽 (Leob)” 

and lastly add “~ 운 (Oon)”, next to the word “러 (Leo)”

and the word you will get is, “ 너그러운 (NeoGeuLeoOon)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

너그러운 인정 (NeoGeuLeoOon EenJeong)  = Generous Acknowledgement

 

 

- 경이롭다 (GyeongEeLohbDah) = Wonderful - 

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “롭 (Lohb)” , 

has one vowel (ㅗ) and two consonants 

(ㄹ (LeeEul = consonant) + ㅂ (BeeEub = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and then delete the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)” at the bottom of the word “롭 (Lohb)”,

which you will now have “로 (Loh)” instead of “롭 (Lohb)” 

and lastly add “~ 운 (Oon)”, next to the word “로 (Loh)”

and the word you will get is, “ 경이로운 (GyeongEeLohOon)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

경이로운 추진 (GyeongEeLohOon ChooJeen) = Wonderful Initiative

 

 

Additional Examples:

 

 

- 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah) = Beautiful - 

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “답 (Dahb)” , 

has one vowel (ㅏ) and two consonants 

(ㄷ (DeeGeut = consonant) + ㅂ (BeeEub = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and then delete the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)” at the bottom of the word “답 (Dahb)”,

which you will now have “다 (Dah)” instead of “답 (Dahb)” 

and lastly add “~ 운 (Oon)”, next to the word “다 (Dah)”

and the word you will get is, “ 아름다운 (AhLeumDahOon)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

아름다운 이유 (AhLeumDahOon EeYoo) = Beautiful Reason

 

 

- 보배롭다 (BohBehLohbDah) = Cherished - 

 

As you could see in this word, as explained above,

the letter right before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,  which is “롭 (Lohb)” , 

has one vowel (ㅗ) and two consonants 

(ㄹ (LeeEul = consonant) + ㅂ (BeeEub = this consonant is at the bottom)) 

In this case, all you need to do is 

to first delete “ ~ 다 (Dah)” at the end of the word, 

and then delete the consonant “ㅂ (BeeEub)” at the bottom of the word “롭 (Lohb)”,

which you will now have “로 (Loh)” instead of “롭 (Lohb)” 

and lastly add “~ 운 (Oon)”, next to the word “로 (Loh)”

and the word you will get is, “ 보배로운 (BohBehLohOon)”

Thus, you could use this word and make a phrase like, for example, 

보배로운  기도 (BohBehLohOon GeeDoh) = Cherished Prayer

 

 

 

< Exercise >

 

Change the two adjectives to the adjectives that are placed before the noun/pronoun

according to the rules above: 

 

ㄱ) 그립다 (GeuLeebDah) = Reminiscent

ㄴ) 향기롭다 (HyangGeeLohbDah) = Fragrant 

 

 

< Answer >

 

ㄱ) 그리운 (GeuLeeOon) = Reminiscent

​ㄴ) 향기로운 (HyangGeeLohOon) = Fragrant 

 

 

(2) Adjectives after the Noun/Pronoun

 

Generally, in this case, in English, the form is: Noun/Pronoun + Verb + Adjectives 

In Korean form it will be: Noun/Pronoun + Adjectives 

As you could see, there is no Verb between the Noun/Pronoun and the Adjectives in Korean

Let’s look into the following below example (b) 

(Note that, as to the explanation of the words 

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun) (c) 착한 (ChackHahn)  (d) 너야 (NeoYah) below

please check the previous grammars above)

 

 

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun)   (b) 충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh)   (c) 착한 (ChakHahn)   (d) 너야 (NeoYah)

(a) You are (b) faithful and (c) nice (d) you 

“(a) You are (b) faithful”, in Korean, as you could see, is 

 

(a) 너는 (NeoNeun) = Pronoun  (b) 충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh) = Adjectives

 

Generally, the rule here is 

adjectives that are placed after the Noun/Pronoun needs to end in “ ~ 다 (Dah)”

 

However, instead of  “충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)”, 

you can see (b) 충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh),

which in English (b) “충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh)” means (b) “faithful and”

Here, basically, “고 (Goh)” means “그리고 (GeuLeeGoh) = and”

That is, when “그리고 (GeuLeeGoh)” is added to  

an adjective or a verb that ends with “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,

the letter “ ~ 다 (Dah)” will be deleted along with 

the first two letters “그리 (GeuLee)” in the word “그리고 (GeuLeeGoh)”,

and the last letter “고 (Goh)” will be combined with the adjective or verb replacing the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, 

this is why we have (b) “충실하고 (ChoongSheelHahGoh) = faithful and”

instead of  “충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)”

 

 Thus, “Noun/Pronoun + faithful” in Korean will be:

(Here I used the Pronouns that we learned in the previous chapters)

 

 “(a) 너는 (NeoNeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a)You are (b) Faithful

 

“(a) 나는 (NahNeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a) I am (b) Faithful

 

“(a) 그는 (GeuNeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a) He is (b) Faithful

 

“(a) 그녀는 (GeuNyeoNeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a) She is (b) Faithful

 

“(a) 그들은 (GeuDeulLeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a) They are (b) Faithful

 

“(a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a) We are (b) Faithful

 

“(a) 그것은 (GeuGeoSeun) (b) 충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah)

(a) It is (b) Faithful

 

Likewise, to make a similar form,

Please exercise by adding every form of the adjective that ended with “ ~ 다 (Dah)”, colored in light blue,

that we learned in (1) Adjectives before the Noun/Pronoun above, 

and apply those adjectives to (b) instead 

 

For example, 

 

“(a) 너는 (NeoNeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a)You are (b) Beautiful

 

“(a) 나는 (NahNeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a) I am (b) Beautiful

 

“(a) 그는 (GeuNeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a) He is (b) Beautiful

 

“(a) 그녀는 (GeuNyeoNeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a) She is (b) Beautiful

 

“(a) 그들은 (GeuDeulLeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a) They are (b) Beautiful

 

“(a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a) We are (b) Beautiful

 

“(a) 그것은 (GeuGeoSeun) (b) 아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah)

(a) It is (b) Beautiful

 

 

 

* The Words We Learned *

 

 

착하다 (ChackHahDah) = Nice 

착한 의료진들 (ChackHahn EueeLyoJeenDeul) = Nice Health Workers 

 

충실하다 (ChoongSheelHahDah) = Faithful

충실한 의료진들 (ChoongSheelHahn EueeLyoJeenDeul) = Faithful Health Workers 

 

아프다 (AhPeuDah) = Unwell

아픈 환자들 (AhPeun HwanJahDeul) = Unwell Patients

 

 지치다 (JeeCheeDah) = Exhausted 

지친 지구 (JeeCheen JeeGoo) = Exhausted Earth

 

가늘다 (GahNeulDah) = Thin

가는 차이 (GahNeun GahJee) = Thin Line

 

 길다 (GeelDah) = Long 

긴 길 (Geen Geel) = Long Road

 

 그렇다 (GeuLeoTah) = That (= That it is) 

그런 현실 (GeuLeon HyeonSheel) = That Reality

 

좋다 (JohTah) = Good

좋은 관점 (JohEun GwanJeom) = Good Perspective

 

&

 

멀지 않다 (MeolJee AhnTah) = Not too distant

멀지 않은 미래 (MeolJeeAhnEun MeeLeh) = Not too distant Future

 

밝다 (BahlDah) = Bright

밝은 만남 (BahlGeun MahnNahm) = Bright Encounter

 

멋있다 (MeoSheetDah) = Awesome

멋있는  노력 (MeoSheetNeun NohLyeok) = Awesome Effort

 

국경없다 (GookGyeongEobDah) = Borderless

국경없는 사랑 (GookGyeongEobNeun SahLang) = Borderless Love

너그럽다 (NeoGeuLeobDah) = Generous 

너그러운 인정 (NeoGeuLeoOon EenJeong)  = Generous Acknowledgement

 

경이롭다 (GyeongEeLohbDah) = Wonderful 

경이로운 추진 (GyeongEeLohOon ChooJeen) = Wonderful Initiative

 

아름답다 (AhLeumDahbDah) = Beautiful

아름다운 이유 (AhLeumDahOon EeYoo) = Beautiful Reason

보배롭다 (BohBehLohbDah) = Cherished

보배로운  기도 (BohBehLohOon GeeDoh) = Cherished Prayer

 

 

Next time

we will learn about “Verb Forms”

**

As we all know, like Adjective (see above), the function of Verb is to explain the Noun/Pronoun 

In English, the (b) verb is placed after the (a) subject and before the (c) object

For example, using the verb “like”, the verb is placed as below:

(1) “(a) I (b) like (c) nature” 

 

However, in Korean, the verbs are placed after both the subject and the object as follows: 

(1) “(a) 나는 (NahNeun) (c) 자연이 (JahYeonEe) (b) 좋다 (JohTah)” 

 

Here, the pronunciation of  “ ~ 다 (Dah)” in “(b) 좋다 (JohDah)”is changed to “Tah”

because the consonant “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” in the letter “ ~ 다 (Dah)”

is connected to the consonant “ㅎ (HeeEut)” in the word “좋 (Joh)”)

("ㅎ (HeeEut)” + “ㄷ (DeeGeut)” = ㅌ (TeeEut))

 

Before we begin to see the detailed forms of verbs in Korean Language, 

always remember when changing the form of Verb, like the Adjective above, 

 the words will start from the words that end with “ ~ 다 (Dah)”,

which are the basic forms of verbs in Korean 

Further, note that, generally, as explained above, 

in order to distinguish verbs from adjectives in Korean, 

if the letter “ ~ 다 (Dah)” could be replaced to  “~ 는 (Neun)” and the word makes sense,

 the word is a Verb, yet if it does not make sense, the word is an Adjective

 

 

* Examples of Verbs * 

 

Actualize (현실화시킨다 = HyeonSheelHwaSheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Actualize = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 현실화시킨다(HyeonSheelHwaSheeKeenDah)

 

Note that, instead of  “We (우리는 = OoLeeNeun)” you could practice with 

“You (너는 = NeoNeun)”& “I  (나는 = NahNeun)” &

 “He(그는 = GeuNeun)” & “She (그녀는 = GeuNyeoNeun)” &

“They (그들은 = GeuDeulEun)”

 

 

Achieve (달성한다 = HyangSangHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Achieve  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 달성한다 (DahlSeongHahnDah)

Believe (믿는다 = MeedNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Believe  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 믿는다 (MeedNeunDah)

 

Breathe (숨을 쉰다 = SoomEul  ShweenDah)

(a) We (b) Breathe  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 숨을   쉰다 (SoomEul  ShweenDah)

Connect (연접한다 = YeonJeobHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Connect  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 연접한다 (YeonJeobHahnDah)

 

Create (창조한다 = ChangJohHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Create  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 창조한다 (ChangJohHahnDah)

Determine (결심한다 = GyeolSheemHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Determine  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 결심한다 (GyeolSheemHahnDah)

Dream (꿈을  꾼다 = KkoomEul  KkoonDah)

(a) We (b) Dream  = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 꿈을  꾼다   (KkoomEul  KkoonDah)

Drive (운전한다 = OonJeonHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Drive  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 운전한다 (OonJeonHahnDah)

Drink (마신다 = MahSheenDah) 

(a) We (b) Drink  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 마신다 (MahSheenDah) 

Educate (교육을  시킨다 = GyoYookEul  SheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Educate  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 교육을   시킨다 (GyoYookEul   SheeKeenDah)

 

 

Exercise (= Workout) (운동한다 = OonDongHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Exercise  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 운동한다 (OonDongHahnDah)

 

Freshen (힘을   복돋운다= HeemEul   BohkDohtOonDah)

(a) We (b) Freshen  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 힘을   복돋운다(HeemEul   BohkDohtOonDah)

 

Fly (난다 = NahnDah)

(a) We (b) Fly  = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 난다(NahnDah)

Graduate (졸업한다 = JohlEobHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Graduate  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 졸업한다 (JohlEobHahnDah)

 

 

Give (준다 = JoonDah) 

(a) We (b) Give  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 준다 (JoonDah)

Hike (등반한다 = DeungBahnHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Hike  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 등반한다 (DeungBahnHahnDah)

 

 

Harmonize (화합한다 = HwaHabHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Harmonize  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 화합한다 (HwaHabHahnDah)

 

 

Join (함께한다= HahmKkehHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Join  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 함께한다 (HahmKkehHahnDah)

 

Justify (합리화시킨다 = HahbLeeHwaSheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Justify  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 합리화시킨다 (HahbLeeHwaSheeKeenDah)

 

 

Learn (배운다 = BaeOonDah)

(a) We (b) Learn  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 배운다 (BaeOonDah)

 

 

Listen (귀를   기울인다= GweeLeul   GeeOolEenDah) 

(a) We (b) Listen  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 귀를   기울인다 (GweeLeul   GeeOolEenDah) 

 

Lean (기댄다 = GeeDehnDah)

(a) We (b) Lean  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 기댄다  (GeeDehnDah)

 

 

Love (사랑한다 = SahLahngHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Love  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 사랑한다 (SahLangHahnDah)

 

Match (어울린다 = EoOolLeenDah)

 (a) We (b) Match  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 어울린다 (EoOolLeenDah)

 

Miss (보고싶다 = BohGohShipDah)

(a) We (b) Miss  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 보고싶다 (BoGoShipDah)

Need (필요하다 = PeelYohHahDah)

(a) We (b) Need  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 필요하다 (PeelYohHahDah)

 

 

Normalize (정상화시킨다 = JeongSangHwaSheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Normalize  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 정상화시킨다 (JeongSangHwaSheeKeenDah)

 

Play Piano (피아노를   친다 = PeeAhNoLeul   CheenDah)

(a) We (b) Play Piano  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 피아노를   친다 (PeeAhNoLeul  CheenDah)

 

 

Paint (그림을   그린다 = GeuLeemEul   GeuLeenDah)

(a) We (b) Paint  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 그림을   그린다 (GeuLeemEul  GeuLeenDah)

 

 

Photograph (사진을   찍는다 = SahJeenEul   JjeekNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Photograph  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 사진을  찍는다. (SahJeenEul   JjeekNeunDah)

 

 

Remember (기억한다 = GeeEokHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Remember  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 기억한다 (GeeEokHahnDah)

 

Reflect (반성한다 = BahnSeongHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Reflect  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 반성한다 (BahnSeongHahnDah)

 

Soothe (진정을   시킨다 = JeenJeongEul   SheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Soothe  = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 진정을   시킨다(JeenJeongEul   SheeKeenDah)

 

Sing (노래를   부른다 = NohLehLeul   BooLeunDah)

(a) We (b) Sing  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 노래를  부른다 (NohLehLeul   BooLeunDah)

Surf (서핑한다 = SeoPeengHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Surf  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 서핑한다 (SeoPeengHahnDah)

 

 

Sleep (잔다 = JahnDah)

(a) We (b) Sleep  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 잔다 (JahnDah)

 

 

Teach (가르친다 = GahLeuCheenDah)

(a) We (b) Teach  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 가르친다 (GahLeuCheenDah)

 

 

Trust (믿는다 = MeedNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Trust  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 믿는다 (MeedNeunDah)

 

 

Unify (단압한다 = DahnAhbHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Unify  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 단압한다 (DahnAhbHahnDah)

 

 

Underline (강조한다 = GangJohHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Underline  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 강조한다 (GangJohHahnDah)

Volunteer (자원봉사한다 = JahWeonBongSahHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Volunteer  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 자원봉사한다 (JahWeonBongSahHahnDah)

View (바라본다 = BahLahBohnDah)

(a) We (b) View  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 바라본다 (BahLahBohnDah)

Walk (걷는다 = GeotNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Walk  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 걷는다 (GeotNeunDah)

Write (쓴다 = SseunDah)

(a) We (b) Write  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 쓴다 (SseunDah)

 

Yield (양보한다 = YangBohHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Yield = (a) 우리는  (OoLeeNeun) (b) 양보한다 (YangBohHahnDah)

Yacht  (요트탄다 = YohTeuTahnDah)

(a) We (b) Yacht  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 요트탄다 (YohTeuTahnDah)

Zone (형성한다 = HyeongSeongHahnDah) 

(a) We (b) Zone  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 형성한다 (HyeongSeongHahnDah) 

 

 

 

Next, as for the past verb forms,

 

in English, there are two past verb forms (b) Past tense & Past participle 

For example, past tense of the verb form of “give” is “gave” & past participle of the verb form is “given”

However, in Korean, there is only Past tense and no Past participle

Thus, when expressing the Part participle, you will also use the Past tense of the Korean verb form

Generally, when you transfer the present verb form “ ~ 다 (Dah)” to a past verb form,

you will add either “ ~ 했 (Heht)” or “ ~ 었 (Eot)” or “ ~ ㅆ (T)” before the “ ~ 다 (Dah)”

 

You will add “ ~ 했 (Heht)”, when the present verb form ends with 

“ ~ 하다 ( ~ HahDah)” or “~ 한다 ( ~ HahnDah)”

You will add “ ~ 했 (Heht)” in the place of “ ~ 하 ( ~ Hah)” or “~ 한 ( ~ Hahn)”

thus, the past tense form of  “ ~ 하다 ( ~ HahDah)” or “~ 한다 ( ~ HahnDah)”, will be “ ~ 했다 (HehtDah)”

 

You will add “ ~ 었 (Eot)”, when the present verb form ends with 

“ ~ 는다 ( ~ NeunDah)” 

You will add “ ~ 었(Eot)” in the place of  “ ~ 는 ( ~ Neun)”

thus, the past tense form of  “ ~ 는다 ( ~ NeunDah)”, will be “ ~ 었다 (EotDah)”

 

You will add “ ~ ㅆ (T)”, when the present verb form ends with 

“ ~ ㄴ다 ( ~ nDah)”,  you will add “ ~ ㅆ (T)” in the place of “ ~ ㄴ ( ~ n)”

thus, the past tense form of  “ ~ ㄴ다 ( ~ nDah)”, will be “ ~ ㅆ다 (TDah)”

Note that, the past form letter that includes “ ~ ㅆ (T)” is different from each letter 

Please check the forms and understand it respectively  

(I posted ** note on the forms below) 

 

Note that other past forms that need to be memorized will have * note on the forms below

 

* Examples of Past Verbs * 

(Note that, the letters that are highlighted in blue are the present verb forms 

and the letters that are highlighted in red are changed past verb forms) 

Actualize (현실화시다 = HyeonSheelHwaSheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Actualized = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 현실화시다 (HyeonSheelHwaSheeKyeotDah) **

 

Note that, instead of  “We (우리는 = OoLeeNeun)” you could practice with 

“You (너는 = NeoNeun)”& “I  (나는 = NahNeun)” &

 “He(그는 = GeuNeun)” & “She (그녀는 = GeuNyeoNeun)” &

“They (그들은 = GeuDeulEun)”

 

Achieve (달성다= HyangSangHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Achieved  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 달성다 (DahlSeongHehtDah)

Believe (믿다 = MeedNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Believed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 믿다 (MeedEotDah) *

Breathe (숨을   다 = SoomEul ShweenDah)

(a) We (b) Breathed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 숨을  쉬었다 (SoomEul  ShweeEotDah) *

Connect (연접다 = YeonJeobHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Connected  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 연접다 (YeonJeobHehtDah)

Create (창조다 = ChangJohHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Created  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 창조다 (ChangJohHehtDah)

Determine (결심다 = GyeolSheemHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Determined  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 결심다 (GyeolSheemHehtDah)

Dream (꿈을   다 = KkoomEul KkoonDah)

(a) We (b) Dreamed  = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 꿈을   다(KkoomEul  KkweotDah) **

Drive (운전다 = OonJeonHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Drove  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 운전다 (OonJeonHehtDah)

 

Drink (마다 = MahSheenDah) 

(a) We (b) Drank  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 마다 (MahSheotDah) **

 

Educate (교육을  시다 = GyoYookEul  SheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Educated  = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 교육을   시다 (GyoYookEul  SheeKyeotDah) **

Exercise (= Workout) (운동다 = OonDongHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Exercised  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 운동다 (OonDongHehtDah)

Freshen (복돋다 = BohkDohtOonDah)

(a) We (b) Freshened  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 복돋다 (BohkDohtWeotDah) **

Fly (다 = NahnDah)

(a) We (b) Flew  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 날았다 (NahlAhtDah) *

Graduate (졸업다 = JohlEobHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Graduated  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 졸업다 (JohlEobHehtDah)

Give (다 = JoonDah) 

(a) We (b) Gave  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 다 (JweotDah) **

Hike (등반다 = DeungBahnHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Hiked = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 등반다 (DeungBahnHehtDah)

Harmonize (화합다 = HwaHabHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Harmonized  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 화합다 (HwaHabHehtDah)

Join (함께다 = HahmKkehHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Joined  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 함께다 (HahmKkehHehtDah)

Justify (합리화시다 = HahbLeeHwaSheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Justified  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 합리화시다 (HahbLeeHwaSheeKyeotDah) **

Learn (배다 = BaeOonDah)

(a) We (b) Learned  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 배다 (BaeWeotDah) **

Listen (귀를    기울다 = GweeLeul  GeeOolEenDah)

(a) We (b) Listened  = (a) 우리는(OoLeeNeun) (b) 귀를   기울다 (GweeLeul   GeeOolYeotDah) **

Lean (기다 = GeeDehnDah)

(a) We (b) Leaned  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 기다 (GeeDehtDah) **

Love (사랑다 = SahLahngHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Loved  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 사랑다 (SahLangHehtDah)

Match (어울다 = EoOolLeenDah)

 (a) We (b) Matched  = (a) 우리는  (OoLeeNeun) (b) 어울다 (EoOolLyeotDah) **

Miss (보고다 = BohGohShipDah)

(a) We (b) Missed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 보고 싶다 (BoGo ShipEotDah) *

Need (필요다 = PeelYohHahDah)

(a) We (b) Needed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 필요다 (PeelYohHehtDah)

Normalize (정상화시다 = JeongSangHwaSheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Normalized  = (a) 우리는  (OoLeeNeun) (b) 정상화시다  (JeongSangHwaSheeKyeotDah) **

 

Play Piano (피아노를   다 = PeeAhNoLeul   CheenDah)

(a) We (b) Played Piano  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 피아노를   다 (PeeAhNoLeul   CheotDah) **

Paint (그림을   그다 = GeuLeemEul  GeuLeenDah)

(a) We (b) Painted  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 그림을  그다  (GeuLeemEul GeuLyeotDah) **

Photograph (사진을   찍다 = SahJeenEul  JjeekNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Photographed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 사진을   찍다 (SahJeenEul  JjeekEotDah) **

Remember (기억다 = GeeEokHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Remembered  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 기억다  (GeeEokHehtDah)

 

Reflect (반성다 = BahnSeongHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Reflected  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 반성다 (BahnSeongHehtDah)

 

Soothe (진정을   시다 = JeenJeongEul  SheeKeenDah)

(a) We (b) Soothed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 진정을   시다 (JeenJeongEul   SheeKyeotDah) **

Sing (노래를   부다 = NohLehLeul  BooLeunDah)

(a) We (b) Sang  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 노래를   불다 (NohLehLeul  BoolLeotDah) **

Surf (서핑다 = SeoPeengHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Surfed  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun)  (b) 서핑다 (SeoPeengHehtDah)

Sleep (다 = JahnDah)

(a) We (b) Slept  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 다 (JahtDah) **

Teach (가르다 = GahLeuCheenDah)

(a) We (b) Taught  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 가르다 (GahLeuCheotDah) **

 

Trust (믿다 = MeedNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Trusted  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 믿다 (MeedEotDah)

Unify (단압다 = DahnAhbHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Unified  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 단압다 (DahnAhbHehtDah)

Underline (강조다 = GangJohHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Underlined  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 강조다 (GangJohHehtDah)

 

Volunteer (자원봉사다 = JahWeonBongSahHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Volunteered = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 자원봉사다 (JahWeonBongSahHehtDah)

View (바라다 = BahLahBohnDah)

(a) We (b) Viewed  = (a) 우리는  (OoLeeNeun) (b) 바라다 (BahLahBwahtDah) **

Walk (걷다 = GeotNeunDah)

(a) We (b) Walked  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 걸다 (GeolEotDah)

Write (다 = SseunDah)

(a) We (b) Wrote  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 다 (SseotDah) **

Yield (양보다 = YangBohHahnDah)

(a) We (b) Yield = (a) 우리는  (OoLeeNeun) (b) 양보다 (YangBohHehtDah)

 

Yacht (요트다 = YohTeuTahnDah)

(a) We (b) Yachted  = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 요트다 (YohTeuTahtDah) **

Zone (형성다 = HyeongSeongHahnDah) 

(a) We (b) Zoned = (a) 우리는 (OoLeeNeun) (b) 형성다 (HyeongSeongHehtDah) 

Next time

we will learn how to form “Negative Form”  

 

 

 🔒

        Thank You . . 

     See you again soon . .

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